Metropolitan Food Clusters
Our Approach: The Principles Behind Metropolitan Food Clusters
Since the early 2000s, Metropolitan Food Clusters (MFCs) have been developed through in-depth research on agri-food systems in Northwestern Europe. At Wageningen MFC, we apply this concept using six core principles that guide the design and development of smart, sustainable food systems.
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We take a holistic approach, co-designing three interconnected layers:
Hardware – infrastructure, technologies, logistics, and spatial planning
Orgware – partnerships between knowledge institutes, businesses, and public and private organisations
Software – education, innovation, and communication strategies to support continuous development
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We prioritise technologies that boost productivity while minimising inputs—reducing the use of land, energy, water, minerals, and labour, without compromising output or quality.
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By clustering all stages of the food chain—from input and production to processing and distribution—we reduce costs, manage biosecurity risks, and create fair value distribution across the chain.
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We connect different supply chains, such as plant and animal systems, to form a circular network. This creates industrial symbiosis, retaining the value of by-products and reducing waste and emissions.
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We design interconnected logistics networks that efficiently move fresh products within and between clusters, while ensuring smooth communication between farmers, processors, retailers, and consumers.
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By intensifying high-yield zones and repurposing low-yield areas, we optimise land use. This frees up space for water management, renewable energy, recreation, and biodiversity, while securing food production.